Netherlands (Dutch export controls)
Controls ASML's EUV/advanced-DUV — the sole gate on cutting-edge litho
The Dutch government, coordinating with the US and Japan, licenses ASML's exports and since 2023-2024 has blocked advanced DUV (as well as EUV) shipments to China, extending to servicing existing tools. Because ASML is the world's only maker of EUV lithography, Dutch licensing policy is effectively a global on/off switch for the most advanced chipmaking. In 2025 tensions sharpened around the Nexperia dispute and pressure over China servicing, underscoring the Netherlands' outsized leverage.
Gate
ASML EUV + advanced DUV
Since
2023-24 China restrictions
Coordination
US-Japan-NL
How it fits the stack
Netherlands (Dutch export controls) with what it depends on (above) and what it feeds (below). The figure renders as a crawlable diagram and upgrades to an interactive 3D graph as it scrolls into view.
Netherlands (Dutch export controls) in the AI stack. Netherlands (Dutch export controls) with its immediate upstream dependencies (top) and downstream dependents (bottom) in the AI value chain. Hover a node in 3D, or read the full relationships below.
Graph data (text) — 1 entities, 0 relationships
Context — capital, rivals, policy · · 5