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L6 · PowerGovernment / policy⬦ ChokepointUSA

US Export Controls (BIS)

Commerce/BIS rules gating advanced AI chips & tools to China and beyond

The Bureau of Industry and Security administers the escalating controls (Oct 2022, Oct 2023, Dec 2024, and 2025 actions) restricting exports of advanced GPUs (A100/H100 and successors), HBM, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment to China. In 2025 policy whipsawed: an 'AI Diffusion Rule' tiering global access was rescinded, an H20 sales ban to China was imposed then partially relaxed under a ~15% revenue-sharing arrangement, and entity-list and end-use rules expanded. BIS is the single most powerful control point over who can build frontier AI, making it a true geopolitical chokepoint.

Agency

Commerce / BIS

Targets

advanced GPUs, HBM, SME

2025

H20 ban then 15% revenue-share deal

How it fits the stack

US Export Controls (BIS) with what it depends on (above) and what it feeds (below). The figure renders as a crawlable diagram and upgrades to an interactive 3D graph as it scrolls into view.

suppliesdepends ondepends onpartners withpartners withUS Export Controls(BIS)PowerEpoch AIDefense & governmentAIHUMAINJapan (METI / Rapidus)US AI policy (2025 EO/ AI Action Plan)
US Export Controls (BIS)Depends on ↑Feeds ↓Related

US Export Controls (BIS) in the AI stack. US Export Controls (BIS) with its immediate upstream dependencies (top) and downstream dependents (bottom) in the AI value chain. Hover a node in 3D, or read the full relationships below.

Graph data (text) — 6 entities, 5 relationships
  • US Export Controls (BIS)suppliesEpoch AI
  • Defense & government AIdepends onUS Export Controls (BIS)
  • HUMAINdepends onUS Export Controls (BIS)
  • US Export Controls (BIS)partners withJapan (METI / Rapidus)
  • US Export Controls (BIS)partners withUS AI policy (2025 EO / AI Action Plan)

Context — capital, rivals, policy · · 29

partners withJapan (METI / Rapidus)joins US-led coalition restricting SME to Chinapartners withUS AI policy (2025 EO / AI Action Plan)Reorients export/leadership policyrestrictsAlibaba Qwen (Tongyi)US accelerator export controls constrain Alibaba Cloud AI trainingrestrictsApplied MaterialsCaps advanced-tool sales to Chinese fabs; material China revenue exposurerestrictsASML HoldingUS/Dutch rules bar EUV and advanced-DUV sales to ChinarestrictsBaidu ERNIEExport controls push Baidu toward in-house Kunlun chipsrestrictsBiren TechnologyrestrictsCadence Design SystemsEDA controls restrict advanced-design software to ChinarestrictsCambriconEntity ListrestrictsChina (industrial policy & retaliation)BIS restricts advanced GPUs/HBM/SME to China (2022-2025 escalation)restrictsChina AI Chip Market / H20 & Domestic SubstitutionBIS curbs on H20 sales to ChinarestrictsDeepSeekUS export rules limit DeepSeek to throttled H800/H20-class chipsrestrictsEnflame (Suiyuan)restrictsG42US chip access conditioned on divesting China/Huawei tiesrestrictsGPU gray market / diversionBIS enforcement + chip-tracking proposals target diversionrestrictsHigh-Bandwidth Memory (HBM)US restricts export of advanced HBM to China, cutting off HBM co-packaged with high-end acceleratorsrestrictsInnoLight (Eoptolink peer)China-based node exposed to US-China tech restrictionsrestrictsKLA CorporationLimits process-control tool sales to controlled Chinese entitiesrestrictsLam ResearchRestricts advanced etch/deposition tool sales to ChinarestrictsMoore ThreadsrestrictsNvidiaUS export controls cap/ban advanced GPU sales to China (H20 etc.)restrictsNvidia H20 (China-spec)H20 banned then conditionally re-allowed for ChinarestrictsSMIC (Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp)Blocked from EUV and advanced tools by US/Dutch export controlsrestrictsSovereign AI programsExport controls shape sovereign compute accessrestrictsStepFun (Jieyue Xingchen)limits access to leading-edge computerestrictsSynopsysEDA export controls limit sales to sanctioned Chinese chip firmsrestrictsTokyo Electron (TEL)Japan's coordinated controls limit advanced-tool exports to ChinarestrictsYMTC (Yangtze Memory)restrictsZhipu AI (Z.ai / GLM)Entity List Jan 2025