Encyclopedia · 176 concepts

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LoRA & Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

Instead of updating billions of weights, LoRA freezes the model and trains two small low-rank matrices per layer, often under one percent of the parameters. Fine-tuning that needed a cluster now fits on one consumer GPU, and swapping adapters swaps skills without touching the base model.

Key terms

Low-rank adaptationAdaptersQLoRAFrozen base modelPEFT

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Where you meet it in the real world

Custom-styled image models, domain-tuned chatbots, per-customer adapters served from one base