Math & Optimization · beginner · concept 57 of 311 · Updated Nov 4, 2026
Search Algorithms (A*, Minimax)
Search algorithms find a route through a space of possible states, such as a path on a map or a move in a game. Breadth-first and depth-first search explore systematically; A* uses a heuristic to head toward the goal; minimax plans against an opponent. This is classic AI that still runs in navigation and games, and it sits inside systems like AlphaGo.
Key terms
A* searchHeuristicMinimaxAlpha-beta pruningState space
Learn these first
Where you meet it in the real world
Route planning, game AI, robot motion, puzzle solving, planning inside agents
Guides and articles
CS50 AI: Search ↗
Harvard
Introduction to the A* algorithm ↗
Red Blob Games
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (site and code) ↗
Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig
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