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Architectures · advanced · concept 100 of 311 · Updated Nov 4, 2026

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)

A Transformer variant where each layer holds many parallel expert subnetworks and a router activates only a few per token. This decouples total parameter count from per-token compute, so models can grow far larger without proportional cost. Many frontier and open-weight LLMs use MoE.

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Key terms

RouterSparse activationExpertLoad balancingActive parameters

Where you meet it in the real world

Frontier LLMs, cost-efficient serving, large open-weight models